Abstract

Transcriptomics: Insights into Gene Expression and Cellular Function

Author(s): Lucas Fernández

Transcriptomics is a key branch of functional genomics that focuses on the comprehensive analysis of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific conditions. By examining gene expression patterns, transcriptomics provides critical insights into cellular processes, regulatory mechanisms, and responses to environmental stimuli. Technological advancements such as microarrays and next generation sequencing, particularly RNA sequencing, have significantly enhanced the resolution and accuracy of transcriptome analysis. This article discusses the fundamental concepts of transcriptomics, the evolution of transcriptomic technologies, and their applications in biomedical research, agriculture, and environmental sciences. The role of transcriptomics in disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine is also highlighted, underscoring its importance in modern biological research.