Abstract

Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Significance in Biological Systems

Author(s): Ahmed Al-Zahiri

Nucleic acids are fundamental biomolecules that store, transmit, and regulate genetic information in all living organisms. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) govern cellular structure, function, inheritance, and evolution through their roles in gene expression and protein synthesis. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have expanded the understanding of nucleic acid structure, dynamics, and interactions, leading to transformative applications in medicine, diagnostics, and genetic engineering. This article provides an overview of nucleic acids, emphasizing their biological importance, molecular characteristics, and relevance in modern scientific research.