BioTechnology: An Indian Journal
ISSN (PRINT): 0974-7435

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Adaptation has three related theories. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary steps that fits organisms to their environment, improving their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state achieved by the population during that whole process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Adaptation has a relation with biological fitness, which controls the rate of evolution as measured by change in gene frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations that interlock with those of the other species, such as with pollinating insects and flowering plants. In mimicry, species evolve to resemble with other species; in Müllerian mimicry this is a mutually beneficial co-evolution as each of a group of strongly defended species (such as wasps able to sting) come to show their defences in the same way. Features developed for one purpose may be co-opted for a different one, as when the insulating feathers of dinosaurs were co-opted for bird flight.   Adaptation is a major topic in the philosophy of biology, as it includes function and purpose (teleology). Some biologists try to ignore terms which impose purpose in adaptation, not least because it suggests a deity's intentions, but others note that adaptation is importantly purposeful.

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Citations : 875

BioTechnology: An Indian Journal received 875 citations as per Google Scholar report

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