Abstract

Microbial Biotechnology: Harnessing Microorganisms for Industrial and Environmental Applications

Author(s): Isabella Rossi

Microbial biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that exploits microorganisms for industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental applications. By understanding microbial metabolism, genetics, and ecology, scientists can utilize bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms to produce biofuels, enzymes, pharmaceuticals, and biopolymers. Microbial biotechnology also plays a significant role in environmental management, including waste treatment and bioremediation. This article provides an overview of microbial biotechnology, emphasizing its principles, applications, and impact on sustainable development. Recent advances in genetic engineering and systems biology have further enhanced the efficiency and scope of microbial biotechnological processes, enabling innovative solutions to global challenges.