Substandard And Counterfeit Medicines Open Access Articles

Substandard medicines are authentic products that fail to satisfy either their quality standards or specifications whereas falsified medicines are inauthentic products that deliberately misrepresent their identity, composition, or source (WHO 2017b). Substandard medicines are often a consequence of producing errors, inadequate storage, or poor distribution practices. Falsified medicines are generally produced deliberately for economic exploitation. It should be noted it's going to not be apparent from analytical results alone whether the determined quality deviations of an SF medicine were manufactured deliberately or arose from errors or neglect. The drug substance (or active pharmaceutical ingredient) of a substandard or falsified medicine could also be absent, present in insufficient amounts, or substituted with a special drug substance. Sophisticated falsified medicines may incorporate cutting agents to dilute the strength of the claimed drug substance employing a different chemical of related structure. The foremost blatant falsified medicines conceal their identity using the authentic packaging of the targeted product. Open access (OA) may be a set of principles and a variety of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, freed from cost or other access barriers. The most focus of the open access movement is "peer reviewed research literature." Open access are often applied to all or any sorts of published research output, including peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed academic journal articles, conference papers, theses, book chapters, and monographs.  

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