Short commentary

, Volume: 19( 12)

Industrialization in Pharmaceutical Field

*Correspondence:

FH Hussein Department of General Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Croatia, E-mail: Hussein_fh@yahoo.com

Abstract

Medicine, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and the restoration, repair, or repair of organic functions. Records of medicinal plants and minerals from ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient Greek physicians, such as Galen, used various drugs in their work.

Introduction

Medicine, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and the restoration, repair, or repair of organic functions. Records of medicinal plants and minerals from ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient Greek physicians, such as Galen, used various drugs in their work. During the 16th century AD, after Western medicine began to recover from its long sleep during the Dark Ages, medical practice began to grow rapidly. In 1546 the first pharmacopoeia (list of drugs and their preparations) originated in Germany, and the work of the pharmacy is considered to have begun in 1617 with the establishment of the Society of Angels in London. Among the first modern medicines were anesthetics; Morphine was first used in about 1804, ether in 1842, chloroform in 1847, and cocaine in 1860. Other substances identified in the 19th century include strychnine (1817), quinine (1820), and nicotine (1828). Joseph Lister first used phenol (carbolic acid) to prevent infection in 1865. Medications are usually classified as a group of chemicals, according to their function in the body (pharmacological effect), and medical use. Alkaloids were the first pure drugs found in natural substances (plants); they include quinine, nicotine, cocaine, atropine, and morphine. Drugs from animals include extracts of hormones, such as insulin used to treat diabetes.

Antibiotics, vaccines, plasma components of human blood, and steroid hormones are some of the important drugs produced in natural products. Vitamins, once derived from natural sources, are now commonly made in the laboratory. The pharmaceutical industry acquires, develops, manufactures, and sells drugs or drugs for use as drugs to be given (or given) to patients, for the purpose of treating, vaccinating, or reducing symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies can work with generic or branded medicines and medical equipment. They are subject to the various laws and regulations governing the patent, testing, security, effectiveness and marketing of drugs. Drug discovery is the process by which the discovery or design of potential drugs. In the past, many drugs have been found to separate the active ingredient from folk remedies or by sad discovery. Modern biotechnology tends to focus on understanding the metabolic pathways associated with disease status or pathogen, and regulates these processes using molecular biology or biochemistry. Early drug discovery is usually done by universities and research institutes.

Drug discovery is the process by which the discovery or design of potential drugs. In the past, many drugs have been found to separate the active ingredient from folk remedies or by sad discovery. Modern biotechnology tends to focus on understanding the metabolic pathways associated with disease status or pathogen, and regulates these processes using molecular biology or biochemistry. Early drug discovery is usually done by universities and research institutes.

Drug development refers to the activities performed after the identification of a compound as a potential drug in order to determine its efficacy as a drug. The objectives of drug development are to determine the appropriate composition and dosage, as well as to establish safety. Research in these areas often includes a combination of in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and clinical trials. The cost of late stage development means that it is usually done by large pharmaceutical companies.

Often, large multinational corporations exhibit direct integration, participating in drug discovery and development, production and control, marketing, marketing, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, tend to focus on a particular aspect such as finding people who use drugs or forming forms. In general, collaboration agreements between research organizations and large pharmaceutical companies are formed to test the potential of new pharmaceutical substances. More recently, people of many nations have relied heavily on contract research organizations to regulate drug development.

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Declaration for Conflicts of Interests

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.