Abstract
Chemical Thermodynamics as the Energetic Foundation of Microbial Chemical Processes
Author(s): Benjamin K. OseiChemical thermodynamics provides the fundamental principles governing energy flow and chemical equilibrium within microbial systems. Microbial chemistry is constrained and directed by thermodynamic laws that determine reaction feasibility, energy efficiency, and metabolic organization. Microorganisms have evolved strategies to couple energetically unfavorable reactions with favorable ones, allowing complex biochemical transformations to proceed under physiological conditions. This article explores the role of chemical thermodynamics in microbial chemistry, emphasizing energy conservation, reaction spontaneity, and metabolic balance in microbial processes relevant to pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
