Abstract

Application of Nanotechnology in Electronics: A Review

Author(s): Rekha Agarwal*, Rajesh Kumar Mishra

Nanotechnology literally means any technology on a nano scale that has applications in the real world. It is a relatively a new word, but it is not an entirely new field. It is widely felt that nanotechnology is the next industrial revolution since it has a profound impact on our economy and society in the early 21^st century, comparable to that of semiconductor technology, information technology, or cellular and molecular biology. The purpose of this paper is to look into the present aspects of “Nanotechnol ogy”. This paper gives a brief description of what nanotechnology is and its application in various fields viz. computing, medicine, food technology, robotics, solar cells etc. It also deals with the future perspectives of nanotechnology, risks in advanced nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is one of the leading scientific fields today since it combines knowledge from the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, informatics, and engineering . It is an emerging technological field with great potential to lead in great breakthroughs that can be applied in real life. Novel nano and biomaterials, and nano devices are fabricated and controlled by nanotechnology tools and techniques, which investigate and tune the properties, responses, and functions of living and non non-living matter, at sizes below 100 nm. The application and use of nano materials in electronic and mechanical devices, in optical and magnetic components, quantum computing, tissue engineering, and other biotechnologies, with smallest features, widt hs well below 100 nm, are the economically most important parts of the nanotechnology nowadays and presumably in the near future. The number of nano products is rapidly growing since more and more nano engineered materials are reaching the global market Th e continuous revolution in nano technology will result in the fabrication of nano materials with properties and functionalities which are going to have positive changes in the lives of our citizens, be it in health, environment, electronics or any other fi eld. In the energy generation challenge where the conventional fuel resources cannot remain the dominant energy source, taking into account the increasing consumption demand and the CO CO₂ emissions alternative renewable energy sources based on new technologi es have to be promoted. Innovative solar cell technologies that utilize nano structured materials and composite systems such as organic photo photo-voltaics offer great technological potential due to their attractive properties such as the potential of largelarge-sca le and low low-cost roll roll-to -roll manufacturing processes The advances in nano materials necessitate parallel progress of the nano metrology tools and techniques to characterize and manipulate nanostructures. Revolutionary new approaches in nano metrology will be required in the near future and the existing ones will have to be improved in terms of better resolution and sensitivity for elements and molecular species. Finally, the development of specific.